487 research outputs found
Quantum Capacities for Entanglement Networks
We discuss quantum capacities for two types of entanglement networks:
for the quantum repeater network with free classical
communication, and for the tensor network as the rank of the
linear operation represented by the tensor network. We find that
always equals in the regularized case for the samenetwork graph.
However, the relationships between the corresponding one-shot capacities
and are more complicated, and the min-cut upper
bound is in general not achievable. We show that the tensor network can be
viewed as a stochastic protocol with the quantum repeater network, such that
is a natural upper bound of . We analyze the
possible gap between and for certain networks,
and compare them with the one-shot classical capacity of the corresponding
classical network
Generalized Parametric Contrastive Learning
In this paper, we propose the Generalized Parametric Contrastive Learning
(GPaCo/PaCo) which works well on both imbalanced and balanced data. Based on
theoretical analysis, we observe that supervised contrastive loss tends to bias
high-frequency classes and thus increases the difficulty of imbalanced
learning. We introduce a set of parametric class-wise learnable centers to
rebalance from an optimization perspective. Further, we analyze our GPaCo/PaCo
loss under a balanced setting. Our analysis demonstrates that GPaCo/PaCo can
adaptively enhance the intensity of pushing samples of the same class close as
more samples are pulled together with their corresponding centers and benefit
hard example learning. Experiments on long-tailed benchmarks manifest the new
state-of-the-art for long-tailed recognition. On full ImageNet, models from
CNNs to vision transformers trained with GPaCo loss show better generalization
performance and stronger robustness compared with MAE models. Moreover, GPaCo
can be applied to the semantic segmentation task and obvious improvements are
observed on the 4 most popular benchmarks. Our code is available at
https://github.com/dvlab-research/Parametric-Contrastive-Learning.Comment: TPAMI 2023. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:2107.1202
Astragaloside IV Ameliorates Airway Inflammation in an Established Murine Model of Asthma by Inhibiting the mTORC1 Signaling Pathway
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a main active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus, has been confirmed to have antiasthmatic effects. However, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of AS-IV on asthma were attributed to the mTOR inhibition; this issue was the focus of the present work. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin followed with 3 weeks of rest/recovery and then reexposure to ovalbumin. AS-IV was administrated during the time of rest and reexposure. The characteristic features of allergic asthma, including airway hyperreactivity, histopathology, cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and INF-γ), and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and downstream proteins of mTORC1/2 signaling were examined. AS-IV markedly suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness and reduced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 levels and increased INF-γ levels in the BALF. Histological studies showed that AS-IV markedly decreased inflammatory infiltration in the lung tissues. Notably, AS-IV inhibited mTORC1 activity, whereas it had limited effects on mTORC2, as assessed by phosphorylation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrates S6 ribosomal protein, p70 S6 Kinase, and Akt, respectively. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in BALF were not significantly changed by AS-IV. Together, these results suggest that the antiasthmatic effects of AS-IV were at least partially from inhibiting the mTORC1 signaling pathway
Analysis of contrast sensitivity on examination for pilots
AIM: To study the influential factors of the contrast sensitivity function(CSF), we tested and investigated the CSF of navy pilots. METHODS: Totally 58 pilots(116 eyes)were examined by CSF under the nighttime, nighttime & periglare, daytime, daytime & periglare conditions for 5 spacial frequencies with OPTEC6 500 Vision Tester. RESULTS: From mean diagram of curves, the peak of CSF under the nighttime, nighttime & periglare conditions was at 3-6c/d, daytime, daytime & periglare conditions was at 6c/d. CONCLUSION: The distant CSF is better than the near CSF in navy pilots,the binoculus CSF is better than that of the single eye. The spatial characteristics of CSF in navy pilots were reflected by present study
Macrolide Derivatives Reduce Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation and Macrophage‐Mediated Neurotoxicity
Introduction: Azithromycin (AZM) and other macrolide antibiotics are applied as immunomodulatory treatments for CNS disorders. The immunomodulatory and antibiotic properties of AZM are purportedly independent.
Aims: To improve the efficacy and reduce antibiotic resistance risk of AZM‐based therapies, we evaluated the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties of novel AZM derivatives. We semisynthetically prepared derivatives by altering sugar moieties established as important for inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated in vitro with proinflammatory, M1, stimuli (LPS + INF‐gamma) with and without derivative costimulation. Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine production, IL‐12 and IL‐10, respectively, was quantified using ELISA. Neuron culture treatment with BMDM supernatant was used to assess derivative neuroprotective potential.
Results: Azithromycin and some derivatives increased IL‐10 and reduced IL‐12 production of M1 macrophages. IL‐10/IL‐12 cytokine shifts closely correlated with the ability of AZM and derivatives to mitigate macrophage neurotoxicity.
Conclusions: Sugar moieties that bind bacterial ribosomal complexes can be modified in a manner that retains AZM immunomodulation and neuroprotection. Since the effects of BMDMs in vitro are predictive of CNS macrophage responses, our results open new therapeutic avenues for managing maladaptive CNS inflammation and support utilization of IL‐10/12 cytokine profiles as indicators of macrophage polarization and neurotoxicity
5-Amino-7-(4-bromophenyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-6-carbonitrile 1,1-dioxide
In the title compound, C14H11BrN2O3S, the 2,3-dihydrothiophene ring is almost planar [maximum deviation = 0.006 (1) Å]. The pyran ring is in an envelope conformation [puckering parameters Q = 0.115 (2) Å, θ = 77.5 (10), ϕ = 172.9 (10)°]. The pyran and phenyl rings are approximately perpendicular, making a dihedral angle of −76.4 (2)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with the sulfone O atoms acting as acceptors
- …